Ji Fengming,Yan Bing,Tang Haoyu,et al.Research advances of testicular microlithiasis[J].Journal of Clinical Pediatric Surgery,,():693-696.[doi:10.3760/cma.j.cn101785-202409047]
Click Copy

Research advances of testicular microlithiasis

Journal of Clinical Pediatric Surgery[ISSN:1671-6353/CN:43-1380/R] volume: Number: 2026 07 Page: 693-696 Column: 综述 Date of publication: 2026-07-28
Author(s):
Ji Fengming1; 2;  Yan Bing2;  Tang Haoyu2;  Wu Shengde1
1. Department of Urology, Affiliated Children’s Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Children’s Health and Disease, Key Research Laboratory of Children’s Developmental Diseases, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Structural Birth Defects and Organ Repair and Reconstruction, Chongqing Key Laboratory, Chongqing 400014, China;
2. Department of Urology, Affiliated Children’s Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Children’s Medical Center, Yunnan Key Research Laboratory of Major Childhood Diseases, Yunnan Children’s Health and Disease Clinical Research Center, Kunming 650100, China
Keywords:
Testicular Microlithiasis; Child; Pathogenesis; Ultrasonography
DOI:
10.3760/cma.j.cn101785-202409047
Abstract:
Testicular microlithism (TM) is characterized by a formation of microcalcifications within testes.Generally TM patients lack specific clinical manifestations and a definite diagnosis is dependent upon ultrasonic examinations.A large number of retrospective studies have demonstrated that TM is associated with such diseases as testicular tumors and male infertility.However,its specific pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated and there is no unified clinical follow-up protocol for TM.This review was intended to offer a systematic overview of the relevant domestic and foreign research advances related to TM in recent years.It provided practical references for proper diagnosis and treatment of TM.

References:

[1] Hiramatsu I,Tsujimura A,Miyoshi M,et al.Prevalence of testicular microlithiasis in healthy newlywed men trying for first-time pregnancy[J].Int J Urol,2020,27(11):990-995.DOI:10.1111/iju.14342.
[2] Priebe CJ Jr,Garret R.Testicular calcification in a 4-year-old boy[J].Pediatrics,1970,46(5):785-788.
[3] Ikinger U,Wurster K,Terwey B,et al.Microcalcifications in testicular malignancy:diagnostic tool in occult tumor?[J].Urology,1982,19(5):525-528.DOI:10.1016/0090-4295(82)90611-2.
[4] Doherty FJ,Mullins TL,Sant GR,et al.Testicular microlithiasis.A unique sonographic appearance[J].J Ultrasound Med,1987,6(7):389-392.DOI:10.7863/jum.1987.6.7.389.
[5] Martin B,Tubiana JM.Significance of scrotal calcifications detected by sonography[J].J Clin Ultrasound,1988,16(8):545-552.DOI:10.1002/jcu.1870160803.
[6] Yu CJ,Lu JD,Zhao J,et al.Incidence characteristics of testicular microlithiasis and its association with risk of primary testicular tumors in children:a systematic review and meta-analysis[J].World J Pediatr,2020,16(6):585-597.DOI:10.1007/s12519-019-00328-1.
[7] Goede J,Hack WW,van der Voort-Doedens LM,et al.Prevalence of testicular microlithiasis in asymptomatic males 0 to 19 years old[J].J Urol,2009,182(4):1516-1520.DOI:10.1016/j.juro.2009.06.065.
[8] van der Plas E,Meij-de Vries A,Goede J,et al.Testicular microlithiasis in acquired undescended testis after orchidopexy at diagnosis[J].Andrology,2013,1(6):957-961.DOI:10.1111/j.2047-2927.2013.00115.x.
[9] Husmann DA.Cryptorchidism and its relationship to testicular neoplasia and microlithiasis[J].Urology,2005,66(2):424-426.DOI:10.1016/j.urology.2004.10.020.
[10] Yesil S,Tanyildiz HG,Sahin G.How should we monitor boys with testicular microlithiasis?[J].Pediatr Hematol Oncol,2016,33(3):171-177.DOI:10.3109/08880018.2016.1156203.
[11] Aoun F,Slaoui A,Naoum E,et al.Testicular microlithiasis:systematic review and clinical guidelines[J].Prog Urol,2019,29(10):465-473.DOI:10.1016/j.purol.2019.07.001.
[12] Betancourt sevilla MD,Granda gonzález DF.Association between testicular cancer and microlithiasis[J].Actas Urol Esp (Engl Ed),2022,46(10):587-599.DOI:10.1016/j.acuroe.2022.07.002.
[13] Hagiuda J,Takamatsu K,Nakagawa K.Increased serum creatinine associated with testicular microlithiasis in adult Japanese men:a retrospective cohort study[J].Andrology,2024,12(5):1148-1153.DOI:10.1111/andr.13562.
[14] Lin XC,Gao X,Lu GS,et al.Role of calcifying nanoparticles in the development of testicular microlithiasis in vivo[J].BMC Urol,2017,17(1):99.DOI:10.1186/s12894-017-0289-0.
[15] 张培伦,刘保兴,周晓峰,等.睾丸微石症的危险因素及对睾丸体积和精液质量的影响[J].中国性科学,2023,32(9):40-44.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-1993.2023.09.010. Zhang PL,Liu BX,Zhou XF,et al.Risk factors of testicular microlithiasis and its influence on testicular volume and semen quality[J].Chin J Hum Sex,2023,32(9):40-44.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-1993.2023.09.010.
[16] Sag S,Elemen L,Masrabaci K,et al.Is testicular microlithiasis associated with testicular pathologies in children?[J].Pediatr Surg Int,2022,38(9):1317-1319.DOI:10.1007/s00383-022-05177-0.
[17] Dantsev IS,Ivkin EV,Tryakin AA,et al.Genes associated with testicular germ cell tumors and testicular dysgenesis in patients with testicular microlithiasis[J].Asian J Androl,2018,20(6):593-599.DOI:10.4103/aja.aja_54_18.
[18] Goede J,Weijerman ME,Broers CJ,et al.Testicular volume and testicular microlithiasis in boys with Down syndrome[J].J Urol,2012,187(3):1012-1017.DOI:10.1016/j.juro.2011.10.167.
[19] Pedersen MR,Osther PJS,Rafaelsen SR.Ultrasound evaluation of testicular volume in patients with testicular microlithiasis[J].Ultrasound Int Open,2018,4(3):E99-E103.DOI:10.1055/a-0643-4524.
[20] Anvari Aria S,Nordstr?m Joensen U,Bang AK,et al.Testicular microlithiasis on scrotal ultrasound in 4850 young men from the general population:associations with semen quality[J].Andrology,2020,8(6):1736-1743.DOI:10.1111/andr.12854.
[21] Rassam Y,Gromoll J,Kliesch S,et al.Testicular microlithiasis is associated with impaired spermatogenesis in patients with unexplained infertility[J].Urol Int,2020,104(7/8):610-616.DOI:10.1159/000508584.
[22] Barbonetti A,Martorella A,Minaldi E,et al.Testicular cancer in infertile men with and without testicular microlithiasis:a systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies[J].Front Endocrinol (Lausanne),2019,10:164.DOI:10.3389/fendo.2019.00164.
[23] ’t Hoen LA,Bhatt NR,Radmayr C,et al.The prognostic value of testicular microlithiasis as an incidental finding for the risk of testicular malignancy in children and the adult population:a systematic review.On behalf of the EAU pediatric urology guidelines panel[J].J Pediatr Urol,2021,17(6):815-831.DOI:10.1016/j.jpurol.2021.06.013.
[24] Lotti F,Studniarek M,Balasa C,et al.The role of the radiologist in the evaluation of male infertility:recommendations of the European Society of Urogenital Radiology-Scrotal and Penile Imaging Working Group (ESUR-SPIWG) for scrotal imaging[J].Eur Radiol,2025,35(2):752-766.DOI:10.1007/s00330-024-10964-5.

Memo

收稿日期:2024-9-18。
基金项目:重庆医科大学附属儿童医院临床医学一流学科建设项目(CHCMU—2025—YLXK—004)
通讯作者:吴盛德,Email:shengdewu@hospital.cqmu.edu.cn

Last Update: 1900-01-01