References:

1 Borko Stojanovic, Marta Bizic, Marko Majstorovic et al: Penile Curvature Incidence in Hypospadias: Can It Be Determined? [J]. Adv Urol,2011,2011: 813205. 2Kim KS, Liu W, Cunha GR, et al. Expression of the androgen receptor and 5alpha-reductase type 2in the developing human fetal penis and urethra[J]. Cell Tissue Res,2002,307(2):14 5— 153. 3Kurzrock EA, Baskin LS, Cunha GR. Ontogeny of the male urethra: theory of endodermal differentiation[J]. Differentiation,1999,64(2):11 5— 122. 4Kaplan GW,Lamm DL. Embryogenesis of chordee [J]. J Urol,1975,114(5): 76 9— 772. 5Erol, LS,Baskin, YW,Li, et al. Anatomical studies of the urethral plate: why preservation of the urethral plate is important in hypospadias repair.[J]. BJU Int,2000,85(6): 72 8— 734. 6Snodgrass W, Patterson K, Plaire JC, et al. Histology of the urethral plate: implications for hypospadias repair [J]. J Urol,2000,164( 3Pt 2): 98 8— 999. 7Yutaro Hayashi,Kentaro Mizuno,Yoshiyuki Kojima,et al.Characterization of the urethral plate and the underlying tissue defined by expression of collagen subtypes and microarchitecture in hypospadias[J].Int J Urol,2011,18:31 7— 322. 8李浪,魏光辉,刘星,等.α-SMA、TGFβ1在尿道下裂阴茎下弯组织中的表达及意义[J].重庆医科大学学报,2007,32(6):. 9Snodgrass W, Prieto J. Straightening ventral curvature while preserving the urethral plate in proximal hypospadias repair [J]. J Urol,2009,182( 4): 1720 — 1725. 10Donnahoo KK,Cain MP,Pope JC,et al.Etiology,management and surgical complications of congenital chordee without hypospadias [J].J Urol,1998,160(3):1120 — 1122. 11Bracka A. A long-term view of hypospadias[J]. Br J Plast Surg,1989, 42(3):251 — 255. 1 2Thiounn N, Missirliu A, Zerbib M, et al. Corporeal plication for surgical correction of penile curvature. Experience with 60 patients[J]. Eur Urol,1998,33(4): 401 — 404. 1 3Van Der Horst C, Martínez Portillo FJ, Seif C, et al. Treatment of penile curvature with Essed-Schr?der tunical plication: aspects of quality of life from the patients’ perspective [J]. BJU Int,2004,93(1): 10 5— 108. 1 4Gittes RF, McLaughlin AP 3rd: Injection technique to induce penile erection[J]. Urology,1974,4(4): 47 3— 474. 1 5Kogan BA. Intraoperative pharmacological erection as an aid to pediatric hypospadias repair[J]. J Urol,2000,164(6): 205 8— 2061. 1 6Perovic S,Djordjevic M,Djakovic N.Natural erection induced by prostaglandin-E1 in the diagnosis and treatment of congenital penile anomalies[J].Br J Urol,1997,79(1):4 3— 46. 1 7Snodgrass WT. Management of penile curvature in children [J]. Curr Opin Urol, 2008,18(4): 431 — 435. 1 8Mollard P, Castagnola C. Hypospadias: the release of chordee without dividing the urethral plate and onlay island flap(9 2cases)[J]. J Urol,1994,152(4): 123 8— 1240. 1 9Kajbafzadeh AM, Arshadi H, Payabvash S, et al. Proximal hypospadias with severe chordee: single stage repair using corporeal tunica vaginalis free graft [J]. J Urol,2007,178( 3Pt 1): 103 6— 1042. 20 Bhat A. Extended urethral mobilization in incised plate urethroplasty for severe hypospadias: a variation in technique to improve chordee correction [J]. J Urol, 2007,178( 3Pt 1): 1031 — 1035. 21 Horton CE, Devine CJ Jr. Plication of the Tunica albuginea to straighten the curved penis [J]. Plast Reconstr Surg,1973,52(1):3 2— 34. 2 2Yucel S, Guntekin E, Kukul E, et al. Comparison of hypospadiac and normal preputial vascular anatomy [J]. J Urol,2004,172( 5Pt 1): 197 3— 1976. 2 3Raimoldi A, Berti GL, Giola V, et al. Our experience in the treatment of penile curvature [J]. Arch Ital Urol Androl,2004,76(2): 6 6— 68. 2 4Makovey I, Higuchi TT, Montague DK, et al. Congenital penile curvature: update and management [J]. Curr Urol Rep,2012,13(4): 290 — 297. 2 5Cormio L, Zucchi A, Lorusso F, et a1. Surgical treatment of Peyronie’s disease by plaque incision and grafting with buccal mucosa [J]. Eur Urol,2009,55(6): 146 9— 1475. 2 6Hayn MH, Bellinger MF, Schneck FX. Small intestine submucosa as a corporal body graft in the repair of severe chordee [J]. Urology,2009,73(2): 27 7— 279. 2 7Knoll LD. Use of porcine small intestinal submucosal graft in the surgical management of Peyronie’s disease [J]. Urology,2001,57(4): 75 3— 757. 2 8Caesar RE,Caldamone AA.The use of free grafts for correcting penile chordee [J].J Urol,2000,164(5):1691 — 1693. 2 9Hayashi Y, Kojima Y, Mizuno K, et al. Demonstration of postoperative effectiveness in ventral lengthening using a tunica vaginalis flap for severe penile curvature with hypospadias [J]. Urology,2010,76(1): 101 — 106.