References:

1 Campbell RM, Smith MD, Mayes TC, et al. The characteristics of thoracic insufficiency syndrome associated with fused ribs and congenital scoliosis[J]. J Bone Joint Surg (Am), 2003, 85: 399-408.
2 Openshaw P, Edwards S, Helms P. Changes in ribs cage geometry during childhood[J]. Thorax, 1984, 39:624-627.
3 Campbell RM Jr, Smith MD. Thoracic insufficiency syndrome and exotic scoliosis[J]. J Bone Joint Surg (Am), 2007, 89 (1):108-122.
4 Campbell RM Jr, Smith MD, Hell-Vocke AK. Expansion thoracoplasty : the surgical technique of opening-wedge thoracostomy: surgical technique[J]. J Bone Joint Surg (Am), 2004, 86(1):51-64.
5 Zorab PA. Pulmonary function in spinal deformity[J]. Clin Orthop，1973,93:33-37.
6 Hurtado A, Fray WW. Studies of total pulmonary capacity and its subdivisions: correlation with physical and radiological measurements[J]. J Clin Invest, 1933,12: 807-823.
7 Pierce RJ, Brown DJ, Holmes M, et al. Estimation of lung volume from chest radiographs using shape information[J]. Thorax, 1979,34:726-734.
8 Barrett WA,Clayton PD,Lambson CR,et al.Computerized roentgenographic determination of total lung capicity[J]. Am Rev Respir Dis, 1976,113:239-244.
9 Loyd HM,String ST,Dubols AB.Radiographic and plethysmographic determination of total lung capacity[J]. Radiology, 1966,86:7-14.
10 Glenn WV, Greene R. Rapid computer-aided radiographic calculation of total lungcapacity (TLC) [J]. Radiology, 1975,117:269-273.
11 Kauczor HU, Heussel CP, Fischer B, et al. Assessment of lung volumes using helical CT at inspiration and expiration: comparison with pulmonary function tests[J]. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 1998, 171(4):1091-1095.
12 Gollogly S, Smith JT, White SK, et al. The volume of lung parenchyma as a function of age: a review of 1050 normal CT scans of the chest with three-dimensional volumetric reconstruction of the pulmonary system[J]. Spine. 2004, 29(18):2061-2066.
13 Schlesinger AE, Edgar KA, Boxer LA. Volume of the spleen in children as measured on CT scans: normal standards as a function of body weight[J]. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 1993, 160:1107-1109.
14 Gollogly S, Smith JT, White SK, et al. The volume of lung parenchyma as a function of age: a review of 1050 normal CT scans of the chest with three-dimensional volumetric reconstruction of the pulmonary system[J]. Spine, 2004, 29(18):2061-2066.
15 Emans JB, Caubet JF, Ordonez CL, et al. The treatment of spine and chest wall deformities with fused ribs by expansion thoracostomy and insertion of vertical expandable prosthetic titanium rib: growth of thoracic spine and improvement of lung volumes[J]. Spine, 2005, 30:58-68.
16 Adam CJ, Cargill SC, Askin GN. Computed tomographic-based volumetric reconstruction of the pulmonary system in scoliosis: trends in lung volume and lung volume asymmetry with spinal curve severity[J]. J Pediatr Orthop, 2007, 27(6):677-681.