Lu Chan,Tang Zidan,Kang Xiaopeng,et al.Effect of ossification on avascular necrosis of femoral head after operation for developmental dysplasia of the hip[J].Journal of Clinical Pediatric Surgery,2024,(03):216-222.[doi:10.3760/cma.j.cn101785-202310025-003]
骨化核对发育性髋关节脱位术后股骨头缺血性坏死的影响研究
- Title:
- Effect of ossification on avascular necrosis of femoral head after operation for developmental dysplasia of the hip
- Keywords:
- Ossified Nucleus of Femoral Head; Developmental Dysplasia of The Hip; Surgical Procedures; Operative; Child
- 摘要:
- 目的 探讨股骨头骨化核对6~24月龄发育性髋关节脱位(developmental dysplasia of the hip,DDH)患儿治疗后发生股骨头缺血性坏死(avascular necrosis of femoral head,AVN)的影响。 方法 回顾性分析 2018年1月至 2022年1月期间在昆明市儿童医院接受石膏固定术治疗的6~24月龄DDH患儿的髋关节临床资料。依据末次随访时患髋股骨头是否坏死分为:AVN(+)组(Kalamchi-MacEwen分型Ⅰ~Ⅳ型)、AVN(-)组(Kalamchi-MacEwen分型未见坏死);根据股骨头是否出现临床坏死分为临床AVN(+)组(Kalamchi-MacEwen分型Ⅱ~Ⅳ型)、临床AVN(-)组(Kalamchi-MacEwen分型Ⅰ型或未见坏死);根据手术年龄分为6~12月龄组、12~18月龄组和18~24月龄组。比较AVN(+)组与AVN(-)组患儿性别、患髋骨化核状态、侧别、手术年龄、手术方式、术前国际髋关节发育不良协会(International Hip Dysplasia Institute, IHDI) 分型、术前髋臼指数(acetabular index, AI)值、外展角度,采用二元Logistic回归分析评估DDH术后发生AVN的独立影响因素,基于独立影响因素绘制受试者操作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线评估其对DDH术后发生AVN的诊断效能。对比临床AVN(+)组与临床AVN(-)组患髋的骨化核状态,分析骨化核状态对临床AVN的影响。对比6~12月龄组、12~18月龄组、18~24月龄组患髋AVN发生率、临床AVN发生率、再脱位发生率、残余髋臼发育不良(residual acetabular dysplasia,RAD)发生率。 结果 本研究共纳入221髋。AVN(+)组54髋,AVN(-)组167髋。患髋中有骨化核者AVN发生率为18.1%(27/149),无骨化核者ANV发生率为37.5%(27/72),有骨化核者AVN发生率显著低于无骨化核者(P=0.002)。多因素Logistic 回归分析发现,骨化核状态(OR=3.064,95%CI:1.486~6.319)、外展角度(OR=1.184,95%CI:1.110~1.264)、术前IHDI分型(OR=3.821,95%CI:1.465~9.968)是DDH术后发生AVN的独立影响因素(P＜0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示外展角度预测DDH术后发生AVN的最佳截断值为63.5°,曲线下面积(area under curve,AUC)为0.752,灵敏度为0.500,特异度为0.934。有骨化核者临床AVN发生率为14.1%,无骨化核者临床ANV发生率为26.4%,有骨化核者临床AVN发生率显著低于无骨化核者(P=0.026)。6~12月龄组、12~18月龄组、18~24月龄组AVN发生率分别为20.0%、31.7%、46.1%,临床AVN发生率分别为11.3%、25.0%、26.1%,再脱位发生率分别为1.7%、8.3%、13.0%,RAD发生率分别为27.0%、45.0%、54.3%;3个手术年龄组间比较,AVN发生率差异均无统计学意义(P=0.224),但临床AVN发生率、再脱位发生率和RAD发生率差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。 结论 骨化核状态、外展角度、术前IHDI分型是DDH患髋术后发生AVN的独立影响因素。骨化核出现对股骨头具有保护作用,可显著降低AVN及临床AVN的发生率,但随着年龄增大,临床AVN发生率、再脱位发生率和RAD发生率增高,会导致相对不良的预后,因此建议在有复位指征时尽早进行DDH治疗,无需等待骨化核出现。
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2023-10-16。
基金项目:云南省杨军林专家工作站(202205AF150062)
通讯作者:周游,Email:zhouyou4070@163.com