临床小儿外科杂志  2024, Vol. 23 Issue (10): 924-928  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn101785-202402013-005

引用本文  

赵杭燕, 刘喜旺, 应力阳, 等. 日间手术管理模式在儿童机器人动脉导管结扎术中的应用[J]. 临床小儿外科杂志, 2024, 23(10): 924-928.   DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn101785-202402013-005
Zhao HY, Liu XW, Ying LY, et al. Application of Enhanced Recovery Surgery in Pediatric Robotic Arteriosus Catheter Ligation Day Surgery[J]. J Clin Ped Sur, 2024, 23(10): 924-928.   DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn101785-202402013-005

基金项目

浙江省中医药科技计划项目(2023ZL499)

通信作者

舒强, Email:shuqiang@zju.edu.cn

文章历史

收稿日期:2024-02-19
日间手术管理模式在儿童机器人动脉导管结扎术中的应用
赵杭燕1 , 刘喜旺2 , 应力阳2 , 林彬洁1 , 章何莹1 , 舒强2     
1. 浙江大学医学院附属儿童医院手术室 国家儿童健康与疾病临床医学研究中心, 杭州 310052;
2. 浙江大学医学院附属儿童医院心脏中心 国家儿童健康与疾病临床医学研究中心, 杭州 310052
摘要目的 探讨日间手术管理模式在先天性动脉导管未闭患儿行机器人动脉导管结扎手术中应用的可行性。方法 本研究为回顾性研究, 将浙江大学医学院附属儿童医院2020年8月至2023年10月采用达芬奇机器人手术治疗的275例动脉导管未闭患儿作为研究对象, 将加速康复外科(enhanced recovery after surgery, ERAS)理念下应用日间手术管理方法者纳入日间组(n=120), ERAS下应用常规住院手术管理方法者纳入对照组(n=155), 比较两组手术时长、术前禁饮时长、术后首次进水时间、术后疼痛评分、术后并发症发生率、当日手术取消率、术后家长满意度、住院时长以及住院总费用差异。结果 日间组和对照组术前禁饮时间分别为(136.18±23.05)min和(339.28±111.274)min, 术后首次进水时间分别为(63.14±12.841)min和(168.33±59.516)min, 住院时长分别为(1.00±0.00)d和(2.72±2.25)d, 住院费用分别为(5.176±0.135)万元和(5.333±0.187)万元, 差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。日间组当日手术取消率为1.64%(2/120), 低于对照组的9.88%(17/155), 差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。日间组和对照组术后发热发生率分别为7.50%(9/120)和38.06%(59/155)、术后残余漏发生率分别为0.83%(1/120)和7.10%(11/155), 差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);但两组术后声音嘶哑发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。日间组和对照组术后疼痛评分分别为(0.83±1.23)分和(0.78±1.10)分, 差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 ERAS下日间手术管理应用在儿童机器人动脉导管结扎手术中, 可大幅度缩短住院时长, 降低住院总费用, 优化患儿及家长就医体验, 且不增加术后并发症, 临床应用安全可行。
关键词加速康复外科    机器人手术    日间手术    动脉导管未闭    儿童    
Application of Enhanced Recovery Surgery in Pediatric Robotic Arteriosus Catheter Ligation Day Surgery
Zhao Hangyan1 , Liu Xiwang2 , Ying Liyang2 , Lin Binjie1 , Zhang Heying1 , Shu Qiang2     
1. Department of Operation room, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center For Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China;
2. Department of Heart Center, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center For Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
Abstract: Objective To investigate the feasibility and clinical efficacy of a day surgery management model in pediatric patients undergoing robot-assisted patent ductus arteriosus(PDA) ligation as a day surgery. Methods This retrospective study included 275 PDA children undergoing Da Vinci robot assisted endoscopy at the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, from August 2020 to October 2023. Patients were divided into two groups: the day surgery group (n=120) managed with a day surgery approach under ERAS protocol, and the control group (n=155) managed with conventional inpatient surgery approach under ERAS protocol. The two groups were compared for differences in surgery duration, preoperative fasting time, time to first postoperative fluid intake, postoperative pain scores, incidence of postoperative complications, surgery cancellation rate on the day of surgery, parental satisfaction, length of hospital stay, and total hospitalization costs. Results The day surgery group had a significantly shorter preoperative fasting duration (136. 18±23. 05 min vs. 339. 28±111. 274 min), time to first postoperative fluid intake (63. 14±12. 841 min vs. 168. 33±59. 516 min), length of hospital stay (1. 00±0. 00 days vs. 2. 72±2. 25 days), and total hospitalization costs (51 760±1 350 RMB vs. 53 330±1 870 RMB) compared to the control group (P < 0. 05). The surgery cancellation rate on the day of surgery was significantly lower in the day surgery group [1. 64% (2/120) vs. 9. 88%(17/155), P < 0. 05]. The incidence of postoperative fever [7. 50%(9/120) vs. 38. 06% (59/155)] and residual leakage [0. 83% (1/120) vs. 7. 10% (11/155)] was significantly lower in the day surgery group (P < 0. 05), but there was no statistically significant difference in postoperative hoarseness. Postoperative pain scores were similar between the two groups (0. 83±1. 23 vs. 0. 78±1. 10, P>0. 05). Conclusions The application of the day surgery management model under ERAS protocol in pediatric robot-assisted PDA ligation significantly reduces the length of hospital stay and total hospitalization costs, optimizes the healthcare experience for children and their parents and does not increase the incidence of postoperative complications, making it a safe and feasible approach in clinical practice.
Key words: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery    Robotic Surgical Procedures    Day Surgery    Patent Ductus Arteriosus    Child    

动脉导管未闭(patent ductus arteriosus,PDA)是儿童常见的先天性心脏病之一,占先天性心脏病的5% ~10%[1-2]。治疗PDA的常见手术方式有开胸手术结扎、经皮穿刺封堵、胸腔镜下结扎等[3]。近年来本中心将达芬奇机器人技术应用于PDA结扎手术,且也陆续进行了报道[3-4]。但将达芬奇机器人辅助下PDA结扎手术纳入日间手术管理模式鲜有相关报道。近年来浙江大学医学院附属儿童医院基于加速康复外科(enhanced recovery after surgery, ERAS)理念,将机器人辅助下动脉导管结扎术逐步尝试日间手术围术期管理模式[5-8]。本研究旨在探索日间手术管理模式在儿童机器人动脉导管结扎中的安全性及可行性。

资料与方法 一、研究对象

本研究采用回顾性研究设计,选取本院2020年8月至2023年10月采用达芬奇机器人手术治疗的PDA患儿275例作为研究对象。病例纳入标准:①年龄大于1岁; ②临床诊断为单纯PDA; ③生长发育正常; ④无其他合并症状。排除标准:①临床诊断为PDA,同时合并其他系统疾病;②本次住院需接受其他手术。275例术前均经心脏超声确诊,全部由同一位医师完成手术,统一在ERAS下进行围手术期管理;后期本中心尝试日间手术围手术期管理模式,因此本研究将ERAS下应用常规手术管理方法者纳入对照组(n=155),ERAS下应用日间手术管理方法者纳入日间组(n=120)。两组患儿基线特征差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),见表 1。本研究通过浙江大学医学院附属儿童医院伦理委员会审核批准(2023 - IRB - 0148),患儿家属均知情同意。

表 1 两组动脉导管未闭患儿一般资料比较 Table 1 Comparison of general data between two groups of children with patent ductus arteriosus
二、手术管理方法

日间组按日间手术管理流程设计围手术期方案,对照组采用常规住院流程及围手术期方案。日间组与对照组手术前、手术中、手术后三个阶段的措施见表 2

表 2 两组达芬奇机器人动脉导管结扎术患儿围手术期处理流程 Table 2 Perioperative management process for pediatric patients undergoing arterial catheter ligation surgery using two groups of Da Vinci robots
三、统计学处理

应用SPSS 23.0对数据进行统计分析。服从正态分布的计量资料采用x±s描述,组间比较采用两独立样本t检验;计数资料采用频数、构成比描述,组间比较采用卡方检验。P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。

结果

与对照组相比,日间组住院时长缩短,住院总费用减少,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。见表 3

表 3 两组动脉导管未闭患儿住院时长和住院费用比较(x±s) Table 3 Comparison of hospital stay and costs between two groups of children with patent ductus arteriosus(x±s)

日间组当日手术取消率为1.64%(2/120),低于对照组的9.88%(17/155),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。日间组患儿术前禁饮时间、术后首次进水时间均短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。两组术后疼痛评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),手术时长、术后并发症(术后发热、术后残余漏)发生率差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05),但术后声音嘶哑发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见表 4

表 4 两组动脉导管未闭患儿手术观察指标比较 Table 4 Comparison of observational indicators between two groups of children with patent ductus arteriosus
讨论

日间手术是优化医疗资源配置、提高医疗资源利用率的管理模式,有利于提升病床周转率、减少患者等待时间、降低手术治疗费用、节约医疗卫生资源[9-10]

本研究发现,达芬奇机器人手术治疗儿童PDA创伤小,恢复快,术后无不适感,这是PDA开展日间手术的有利条件。因此,本研究联合ERAS和日间手术管理模式应用于达芬奇机器人PDA结扎手术患儿,发现日间组住院时长明显短于对照组,住院总费用低于对照组,表明ERAS和日间手术管理模式存在协同作用,有助于提高床位使用率及增加医院手术量。围手术期间,对照组1例患儿术后喉返神经损伤致声音嘶哑、喝水呛咳,随访3个月后好转,考虑可能与早期未能有效分离纵隔胸膜及主动脉外膜,结扎动脉导管时损伤喉返神经有关;后期调整手术分离方式,避免了喉返神经的损伤[3]。日间组术后发热发生率低于对照组,可能与日间手术管理模式缩短了术前禁饮时间和术后首次进水时间有关。有研究表明,禁饮时间缩短到1 h并不会明显增加获益或风险[11]。同时本研究强化了围手术期流程管理和术前非药物镇静干预,大大减轻了患儿哭闹、恐惧等抵触情绪和机体应激反应,提高了患儿舒适度[12-13]。手术时长缩短、术后残余漏发生率下降,一方面是手术团队配合默契度提升,手术布孔、装机、对接熟练度增加,一方面与术者后期手术操作熟练度提升有关,同时在前期发生残余漏的病例中汲取了一些经验,先期术者将第一道丝线结扎在靠近主动脉侧的壶腹部,部分存在两道丝线重叠的可能,后期改进为将第一道丝线结扎在最狭窄处,第二道丝线靠近第一道完成结扎,检查两道丝线位置确认结扎牢固, 后期术后残余漏发生率下降。术后1周电话随访无明显不适,说明达芬奇机器人PDA结扎日间手术不会增加PDA术后并发症的发生率,证明其具有较高的安全性。我们认为大部分适合达芬奇机器人手术的PDA患儿都可以采用日间手术模式进行管理。

日间手术模式需要在24 h内完成入出院,与常规住院手术比较,对手术流程、麻醉实施和术后管理提出了更高的要求。既要保障手术安全及流程顺畅,又要让患者及家属充分了解疾病知识及术后康复内容,必须做好严谨高效流程管理和医护团队的紧密配合,强化多学科协作,优化护理流程[14]。本中心将达芬奇机器人PDA结扎日间手术的术前准备时间缩短在2 h之内,信息系统依据机器人手术排程及主刀医师既往的手术数据推算出手术开始时间,术前24 h将信息推送给入院准备中心,便于入院准备中心准确通知患儿家属,留给手术和术后更多的观察时间,进一步保障患儿安全。多模式镇痛的应用,精准麻醉的实施,手术完成后即可拔除气管插管,复苏室完成复苏监护后返回普通病房,术后无不适感,可迅速下床活动[15]。本组患儿术后均在普通病区观察一夜,于次日晨查房评估后符合离院标准出院。

综上所述,ERAS下日间手术管理模式在儿童机器人动脉导管结扎手术中应用,有助于缩短住院时长、增加住院患者床位周转率、降低了住院费用和当日手术取消率,减轻了医疗压力,同时精准禁食和术后早期进食减少儿童哭闹的发生,且不增加围手术期并发症发生率,是安全、有效且可靠的,优于传统住院手术模式,具有较好的临床应用价值。

利益冲突  所有作者声明不存在利益冲突

作者贡献声明  文献检索为赵杭燕、刘喜旺;论文调查设计为赵杭燕、应力阳、舒强;数据收集与分析为赵杭燕、刘喜旺、林彬洁、章何莹;论文结果撰写为赵杭燕;论文讨论分析为赵杭燕、应力阳、刘喜旺、舒强

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